In the first part of this post, we saw that the joint administration of two vaccines for coccidiosis in chickens -EVALON® and HIPRACOX®- together with probiotics is feasible with a vaccination spray device that ensures accuracy and precision -Hipraspray® device-. In this second part, we assess the added protective effect of the synbiotic PoultryStar® in broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis with HIPRACOX® and challenged with a coccidia species mixture at day 15.
Optimal gut health represents the basis for the ever-increasing need to reduce antibiotic & anticoccidial use.
456 day-old male broilers of the ROSS 308 breed were housed for a 35-day grow-out in floor pens covered with wood shavings.
Ventilation and heating were regulated automatically. Pelleted feed and water were provided ad libitum.
The commercial feed contained neither antimicrobials nor anticoccidial additives. The animals were divided into 3 treatment groups of 152 animals with 8 replicates per group (see Table 1).
Table 1. Trial Groups
The HCPS group received HIPRACOX®, a vaccine for coccidiosis in chickens, on the farm on arrival day via drinking water in bell drinkers and PoultryStar® sol (20 mg/bird/day) via drinking water with bell drinkers for the first 3 days.
In addition, PoultryStar® me was administered via feed: 1 kg/ton during the starter phase (1-14) and 0.5 kg/ton during the grower phase (15-35).
On day 15, the birds in the IUC and HCPS groups were challenged with pathogenic strains of Eimeria isolated in Germany at 1ml/bird.
On days 21 and 22 (6 and 7 days post-challenge), 2 birds per pen were selected randomly, weighed individually and euthanized humanely. The lesion scores were assessed for E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella using the method of Johnson & Reid (1).
The total lesion score was calculated as the sum of the lesion scores in the three intestinal segments (duodenum, mid-intestine, caecum).
Faeces samples were collected from each group for the oocyst count per gram (OPG) on days 6 and 7 post-vaccination and 7 and 14 days post-challenge.
Productive parameters were recorded as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Summary of recorded productive parameters.
The statistical analysis methodology was consistent with that outlined in the WAAVP guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs in chickens and turkeys (2). Statistical significance was assessed at p ≤ 0.05.
Fig. 1. Total mean coccidiosis score per study day and group.p < 0.05; * significant, p=0.01; ** highly significant, p < 0.001
b. OPG
Fig. 2 shows the OPG in oocysts per gram per group and study day. The IUC group shows zero OPG counts on days 6 and 7 with a pronounced increase on day 22 (143,000), as this was the untreated challenge group.
Similarly, the UUC group showed zero oocyst production on days 6 and 7 together with some OPG output on days 22 and 29, revealing that – after the challenge – cross-contamination also occurred in the untreated, unchallenged birds.
Finally, as expected, the HCPS group shows vaccine replication OPG levels on days 6 and 7.
Then, on day 22, oocyst output is less than half (67,600) of the level shown by the IUC group, revealing that birds were already immunized against coccidiosis in chickens and well protected at the time of the challenge, and on day 29 the OPG level was as low as that of a flock that is no longer shedding oocysts thanks to immunization.
Fig. 2. Total OPG
c. Performance
Even if the difference is not statistically significant, the mortality in the HCPS group was numerically far lower than in the IUC group (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Mortality.
No significant differences were observed amongst the three groups with regard to daily feed intake. However, daily weight gain was significantly better in the UUC and HCPS groups (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. DWG (g), DFI (g/bird).a-b Means that do not have the same superscript as the IUC group differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from this reference group.
Birds in the UUC group performed significantly better than birds in the IUC group in terms of body weight and FCR. Birds treated with HIPRACOX® + PoultryStar® performed better than birds in the IUC groups in terms of FCR (UUC 1.43, IUC 1.58, HCPS 1.52).
Overall, the HCPS group and the UUC group gained significantly more weight than birds in the IUC group (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5. Body weight (kg), feed conversion ratio.a-b Means that do not have the same superscript as the IUC group differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from this reference group.
Optimal gut health represents the basis for the ever-increasing need to reduce antibiotic & anticoccidial use.
456 day-old male broilers of the ROSS 308 breed were housed for a 35-day grow-out in floor pens covered with wood shavings.
Ventilation and heating were regulated automatically. Pelleted feed and water were provided ad libitum.
The commercial feed contained neither antimicrobials nor anticoccidial additives. The animals were divided into 3 treatment groups of 152 animals with 8 replicates per group (see Table 1).
Table 1. Trial Groups
The HCPS group received HIPRACOX®, a vaccine for coccidiosis in chickens, on the farm on arrival day via drinking water in bell drinkers and PoultryStar® sol (20 mg/bird/day) via drinking water with bell drinkers for the first 3 days.
In addition, PoultryStar® me was administered via feed: 1 kg/ton during the starter phase (1-14) and 0.5 kg/ton during the grower phase (15-35).
On day 15, the birds in the IUC and HCPS groups were challenged with pathogenic strains of Eimeria isolated in Germany at 1ml/bird.
On days 21 and 22 (6 and 7 days post-challenge), 2 birds per pen were selected randomly, weighed individually and euthanized humanely. The lesion scores were assessed for E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella using the method of Johnson & Reid (1).
The total lesion score was calculated as the sum of the lesion scores in the three intestinal segments (duodenum, mid-intestine, caecum).
Faeces samples were collected from each group for the oocyst count per gram (OPG) on days 6 and 7 post-vaccination and 7 and 14 days post-challenge.
Productive parameters were recorded as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Summary of recorded productive parameters.
The statistical analysis methodology was consistent with that outlined in the WAAVP guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs in chickens and turkeys (2). Statistical significance was assessed at p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
a. Lesion scores Fig. 1 shows the total mean coccidiosis score per study day and group. On day 21, a significant difference in lesion score was detected between the IUC and the HCPS group, with the HCPS birds showing significantly lower lesion scores compared with the IUC group (p=0.01). On day 22, on the other hand, the lesion score for the HCPS group was numerically lower than for the IUC group, but this was not statistically significant. Fig. 1. Total mean coccidiosis score per study day and group.p < 0.05; * significant, p=0.01; ** highly significant, p < 0.001
b. OPG
Fig. 2 shows the OPG in oocysts per gram per group and study day. The IUC group shows zero OPG counts on days 6 and 7 with a pronounced increase on day 22 (143,000), as this was the untreated challenge group.
Similarly, the UUC group showed zero oocyst production on days 6 and 7 together with some OPG output on days 22 and 29, revealing that – after the challenge – cross-contamination also occurred in the untreated, unchallenged birds.
Finally, as expected, the HCPS group shows vaccine replication OPG levels on days 6 and 7.
Then, on day 22, oocyst output is less than half (67,600) of the level shown by the IUC group, revealing that birds were already immunized against coccidiosis in chickens and well protected at the time of the challenge, and on day 29 the OPG level was as low as that of a flock that is no longer shedding oocysts thanks to immunization.
Fig. 2. Total OPG
c. Performance
Even if the difference is not statistically significant, the mortality in the HCPS group was numerically far lower than in the IUC group (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Mortality.
No significant differences were observed amongst the three groups with regard to daily feed intake. However, daily weight gain was significantly better in the UUC and HCPS groups (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. DWG (g), DFI (g/bird).a-b Means that do not have the same superscript as the IUC group differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from this reference group.
Birds in the UUC group performed significantly better than birds in the IUC group in terms of body weight and FCR. Birds treated with HIPRACOX® + PoultryStar® performed better than birds in the IUC groups in terms of FCR (UUC 1.43, IUC 1.58, HCPS 1.52).
Overall, the HCPS group and the UUC group gained significantly more weight than birds in the IUC group (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5. Body weight (kg), feed conversion ratio.a-b Means that do not have the same superscript as the IUC group differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from this reference group.
DISCUSSION
In this study, the added protective effect of a synbiotic was noticeable in broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis:- On days 21 and 22, the lesion scores in birds in the HCPS group were lower than in the IUC group.
- The birds treated with HCPS could suppress oocyst shedding more than the IUC birds.
- When performance parameters are compared, birds treated with HIPRACOX® + PoultryStar® performed better than birds in the IUC groups in terms of mortality and FCR, and significantly better in terms of body weight and daily weight gain.
References
- Johnson J., Reid W.M. (1970). Anticoccidial drugs: lesion scoring techniques in battery and floor-pen experiments with chickens. Exp. Parasitol. 28: 30-36.
- Holdsworth A., Conway D.P., McKenzie M.E., Chapman H.D., Mathis G.F., Skinner J.T., Mund H.-C., Williams R.B. (2004). World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs in chickens and turkeys. Vet. Parasitol. 121 (3-4):189-212.
